Character Building: Anti-Corruption Education

Definition of Corruption

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“CORRUPTION” from the Latin “corruptio” or “corruptus” “corruptio” derived from the word “corrumpere”, -> “corruption, corrupt” (English), “corruption” (French) and “corruptie/korruptie” (Dutch).

rottenness, badness, depravity, dishonesty, bribability, immorality, deviation from purity

Understanding

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1. Corrupt means rotten, likes to receive bribes/kickbacks, uses power for personal gain, and so on;
2. Corruption means rotten acts such as embezzlement of money, receiving bribes, and so on;
3. Corruptor means the person who commits corruption.

Acts of corruption involve:

• Something that is amoral,
• A rotten nature and state,
• Involving position in an agency or government apparatus,
• Abuse of power in office due to gifts,
• Involving economic and political factors and the placement of family or groups into service under the power of the office.

Forms of Corruption

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1. State Financial Loss
   • Unlawfully committing acts to enrich oneself, others, or a corporation
   • Abusing existing authority, opportunity, or means
2. Bribery
   • Giving or promising something to a Civil Servant or state apparatus….with the intention of making them do something or not do something in their position;
   • Giving something to a Civil Servant or state apparatus….because of or in connection with obligations, done or not done in their position;
   • Giving gifts or promises to Civil Servants keeping in mind the power or authority attached to the position or status, or considered by the giver of the gift/promise to be attached to said position or status;
3. Embezzlement in Office
   • Civil servants or persons other than civil servants assigned to carry out a public office continuously or temporarily, intentionally embezzling money or securities kept because of their position, or said money/securities taken or embezzled by others or assisting in committing the act;
   • Civil servants or persons other than civil servants assigned to carry out a public office continuously or temporarily, intentionally falsifying books or lists specifically for administrative examination;
4. Extortion
5. Fraudulent Acts
   • Civil servants or state apparatus who, while carrying out their duties, ask for or receive work or delivery of goods, as if it were a debt to themselves, even though it is known that it is not a debt;
   • Civil servants or state apparatus who, while carrying out their duties, ask for, receive, or cut payments to other Civil servants or state apparatus or to the general treasury, as if the other Civil servants or state apparatus or the general treasury had a debt to them, even though it is known that it is not a debt;
6. Conflict of Interest in Procurement
7. Gratification

Two Factors Causing Corruption

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Several Opinions on Factors Causing Corruption

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When the materialistic and consumptive behavior of society as well as a political system that still “idolizes” material things can “force” the occurrence of money politics and corruption (Ansari Yamamah: 2009)

Corruption will continue as long as there are still errors in how wealth is viewed.

The more people are wrong in viewing wealth, the greater the likelihood of people making mistakes in accessing wealth. What do you think of the behavior of people who view wealth and money as something that means everything? What is the right form of awareness?

Opinions Pointing to External Factors

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1. Lack of exemplary figures and leadership from the nation’s elite,
2. Low salaries of Civil Servants,
3. Weak commitment and consistency in law enforcement and legislation,
4. Low integrity and professionalism,
5. Internal oversight mechanisms in all banking, financial, and bureaucratic institutions are not yet established,
6. Conditions of the work environment, job duties, and community environment, and
7. Weak faith, honesty, sense of shame, morals, and ethics

1. Political factors,
2. Legal factors,
3. Economic and bureaucratic factors
4. Transnational factors.

Indonesia Corruption Watch | ICW

Problems

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graph LR
%% Pengaturan gaya kotak (warna disesuaikan dengan gambar)
classDef merah fill:#ffffff,stroke:#d32f2f,stroke-width:3px,color:#000000;
classDef oranye fill:#ffffff,stroke:#f57c00,stroke-width:3px,color:#000000;
classDef biruMuda fill:#ffffff,stroke:#1976d2,stroke-width:3px,color:#000000;
classDef biruTua fill:#ffffff,stroke:#283593,stroke-width:3px,color:#000000;

    %% Definisi Node beserta isinya
    A["SYSTEM
• Rules/Legislation
• Organization
• Justice
• Politics"]:::merah

    B["LAW ENFORCEMENT
• Law
• Organization
• Personnel
• Competence"]:::oranye

    C["SOCIAL COMMUNITY
• Permissiveness
• Behavior/Culture
• Role Model
• Integrity"]:::biruMuda

    D["NATIONALITY
• Nationalism
• Personality
• Identity"]:::biruTua

    %% Alur Panah
    A ==> B
    B ==> C
    C ==> D

Honesty

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• The value of honesty on campus can be realized in the form of not committing academic fraud. For example, not cheating, not committing plagiarism, and not falsifying grades.
• The value of honesty can also be realized in student activities. For example, creating financial reports for committee activities honestly.

Caring

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• A student’s sense of caring must begin to be cultivated while on campus.
• Students are required to care about the teaching and learning process on campus, the management of resources on campus, as well as various things that develop on campus.
• Students are also required to care about the environment outside the campus, the actions of alumni, and the quality of scientific products produced by their university.

Independence

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• It is impossible for a person who cannot be independent to be able to manage the lives of others.
• Students are required to complete all responsibilities with their own efforts.

Discipline

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• The benefit of a disciplined life is that students can achieve their life goals in a more efficient time.
• Discipline also makes other people believe in managing a trust.
• Discipline in studying needs to be possessed by students so that maximum learning outcomes are obtained.

Responsibility

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• Students who can be given small responsibilities and successfully carry them out well will gain the trust of others.
• Students who have a high sense of responsibility are easy for others to trust.

Hard Work

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• It is very important that a student’s will must develop to a higher level because they must fully master themselves first to be able to master others.
• Every time someone is full of hope and belief, they will become stronger in carrying out their work.

Simplicity

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• By applying the principle of a simple life, students are trained to prioritize needs over their desires.
• The principle of a simple life can overcome the problems of social inequality, envy, jealousy, greed, selfishness, and other negative attitudes.
• The principle of a simple life also prevents someone from excessive desires.

Courage

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• The value of courage can be developed by students in life on campus and outside campus.
• Among others, it can be realized in the form of daring to say and defend the truth, daring to admit mistakes, daring to be responsible, and so on.

Justice

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• The value of justice can be developed by students in daily life, both on campus and outside campus.
• Among others, it can be realized in the form of always giving sincere praise to achieving friends, giving suggestions for improvement and encouragement to underachieving friends, not choosing friends based on social background, etc.

Corruption Countermeasures

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1. Establishment of Anti-Corruption Agencies
2. Corruption Prevention in the Public Sector
3. Social Prevention and Community Empowerment
4. Development and creation of various Legal Instruments supporting the Prevention and Eradication of Corruption
5. Monitoring and Evaluation
6. International Cooperation